Acne
Acne is a common skin disease characterized by blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, oily skin, and possibly scarring. It affects most teenagers to some extent, but can persist into adulthood in severe
cases. Acne is caused by clogged hair follicles, often due to excess oil production, dead skin cells, and bacteria buildup. The main factors that contribute to acne include:
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Hormone changes: Androgen hormones increase during puberty and can stimulate the sebaceous glands to produce more oil. This can lead to acne flare-ups. In women, acne is also often linked to
menstrual cycle changes.
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Excess oil production: The sebaceous glands produce too much oil which then blocks hair follicles. Oil, bacteria, and dead skin cells build up, forming blackheads, whiteheads, and pimples.
- Clogged or blocked hair follicles: The buildup of oil, bacteria and dead skin cells plugs the opening of hair follicles which then swell up and become blemishes.
- Bacteria growth: The oil buildup creates an ideal environment for a type of bacteria called Propionibacterium acnes to grow, which can then lead to inflammation and acne.
- Dead skin cells: Exfoliation of dead skin cells is impaired in acne-prone people, causing dead cells to clog pores and hair follicles.
- Genetics: Acne is often genetic and runs in families. If one or both parents had severe acne, it's likely that their children will also develop acne-prone skin.
- Hair follicle inflammation: Inflammation around the hair follicles is an early sign of acne. If untreated, it can progress to swollen pimples and nodules.
- Other factors: Stress, hormonal disorders, medication use, skin products, and greasy cosmetics may worsen or trigger acne in some people.
Treatment options include topical retinoids, antibiotics, isotretinoin, salicylic acid, alpha hydroxy acid, and in severe cases, dermatologist procedures like laser or light therapy. Lifestyle
changes, like washing frequently and using non-comedogenic skin products, can also help manage acne.
Transcript:-
Acne or acne vulgaris. A common skin condition affects most people in varying degrees. It is primarily due to congestion of skin, pores and occurs commonly on the face and neck, chest, back,
shoulders, and upper arms can also be affected. Most common among adolescents. Acne is also seen in adults in their twenties and thirties or even beyond.
For a large majority, acne disappears over time. However, in few cases, the condition persists. Women are more susceptible to acne than men. Causes of acne include various factors. The primary cause
is the activation of the SIUs clans during puberty due to testosterone, an adrenal hormone in both adolescent males and females.
Sacious glands are found in the skin connected with hair follicles. These glands secrete an oily substance called sebum. Sebum, secreted by specialized cells, insub suspicious gland. Is brought to the
surface of the skin, along the hair shaft, and is required for protection and lubrication of the skin.
Acne occurs when excess sebum is produced. The sebum, along with dead skin cells accumulates resulting in clogging of skin, pores or follicles. This accumulation and clogging can stimulate bacterial
growth. The residential bacterial. That is normally non pathogenic can cause inflammation leading to inflamed lesions. The surrounding tissues also become inflamed due to infection.
Factors that influence acne production are heredity tendency to develop severe acne can be hereditary diet. Certain foods can aggravate ac. The foods such as milk seafood can ex abate an existing
condition and should therefore be avoided. Vitamin A and E levels are also low in patients suffering from acne.
Stress resulting in hormonal imbalance can cause acne, hormonal activity. Few women develop acne depending on their menstrual. puberty is known to trigger off acne cosmetics. Poor clogging action of
certain cosmetics can aggravate acne. Other factors include pressure due to helmets, straps, et cetera.
Certain drugs such as steroids, iodides, bromides, et cetera, are known to aggravate the. Acne caused prior to the onset of menarchy is called prepubertal Acne. Acne is of inflammatory and
non-inflammatory types. Severe form of acne with the formation of HUS is cystic acne. Cystic acne is common among males.
Commodes and pimples are common. Teenage ac. Non-inflammatory type is caused by clogged pores without much inflammation. This category includes whitehead and blackheads, commonly called commodes.
Whiteheads, or closed commodes are due to clogging of skin pores by sebum and trapped stead skin cells that are not exposed to air.
They are slightly raised and appear. Blackhead or open commandants are caused when the openings become wider, sebum and trapped. Dead skin cells are exposed to air, leading to oxidation of melanin,
resulting in black coloration, inflammatory type. The lesions are highly inflamed with redness and. Puls, these inflamed lesions occur when the follicular wall breaks and is invaded by white blood
cells.
WBCs. They appear red and tender and involve the deep tissues of the skin. Postes is similar to pul, but superficial in nature. A poste forms after several days when the WBCs reached the skin's
surface. This is referred to as a zit or pimple. Posts are tender and red with the presence of white pus nodules.
These inflammatory lesions involve the deep layers of the skin. These are hard, red, large, painful lumps, forms below the skin surface cysts similar to nodules. These lumps are painful with increased
infection and plus accumulation. Nodules and cysts are known to leaf behind scars. Acne is not a severe condition.
However, the appearance of commodes, uh, blackheads and whiteheads, especially in large numbers on the face, neck, and other parts of the body that have a high concentration of oil glands require
medical attention. Infected conditions such as papules, postes, nodules, and cysts, if left untreated, may leave scars.
Severity of acne is graded by the leads acne grading technique that categorizes lesions as inflammatory and non-inflammatory, ranging from zero to. 10 being most severe cook's. Acne grading scale has
arranged from zero to eight, eight being most severe. The pilsbury scale classifies acne from one to four, four being severe.
Effective forms of acne treatment have been developed in the recent years. Evaluation for the cause of acne is necessary to initiate treatment. Mild acne is usually treated by topical creams. Moderate
and severe acne are treated with oral antibiotics. In addition to topical applications, topical applications, antibacterial cleansers available over the counter contain benzo peroxide as the active
ingredient.
Topical creams also in the form of gels and lotions are useful in curbing bacterial growth. The active ingredient is benzoyl peroxide. Sulfur or resorcinol retinoids are effective and useful in
unclogging pores. These include adapalene and taro. Topical antibiotics include erythromycin, clindamycin, doxycycline, et cetera.
Oral antibiotics are used in severe cases. Doxycycline, tetracycline, and minocycline are common antibiotics. The other antibiotics used a cephyl, amoxicillin and sulfur. Cortisone injections, large
papules and cysts are injected with a cortisone to make them flat. Isotretinoin and oral retinoid is very effective and helps prevent scarring.
This drug causes a range of side effects from mild, such as dryness of the lips and muscle aches to a more severe form, such as depress. Regular follow up and monitoring is required hormone therapy,
use of female hormones or medications to decrease the production of testosterone. Oral contraceptives, or birth control pills are known to significantly reduce acne, acne surgery, manual removal of
blackheads and whiteheads with the aid of a round loop extract.
Microdermabrasion used to remove the dead layer of skin. This enhances generation of new skin and improves skin irregularities. Microdermabrasion in conjunction with acne surgery is an effective
option for acne treatment. Chemical peels. Comprising of salicylic acid or glycolic acid is effective in unclogging, both blackheads as well as whiteheads and enhances generation of new skin.
Photodynamic therapy, light of specific wavelength. Blue light is used for acne treatment. Acne may leave scars or blemish. Correction of acne scarring should be done two to three months after acne
activity has ceased, laser resurfacing or laser treatments, outermost layer of the skin in the affected area is removed by the age of lasers.
The follicle sac, the suspicious gland, and the bacteria that colonizes the sac are burned off by lasers. Excision and or grafting deep scars that remain in spite of microderm. Abrasion are removed
surgically by an instrument called punch. A micro skin graft is made in the scar. Often excision or grafting is followed by chemical appeal or laser resurfacing collagen implant.
Collagen is a protein that is injected under the lesion. This elevates the scars that are soft with smooth edges to the normal skin Contour. Basic skincare can prevent new outbreaks of acne and
improve acne clearance, wash acne prone areas at least twice a day. This removes excess oil and dead cells, however, Excessive washing can cause dryness and eventually skin irritation.
Gentle cleansers that are oil-free and water-based are recommended. Topical applications containing benzo peroxide or salicylic acid can be used. Use of cosmetics should be limited. The skin should be
devoid of makeup before going to. Irritants, such as oily and greasy cosmetics are to be avoided. Hair care.
Hair should be kept clean, sweats and dirt can aggravate or contribute to acne. Regular showering can remove the trapped dirt and sweat, never touch or squeeze acne as it may become infected leading
to scar.
While acne is not a life-threatening condition, it affects the person's self-esteem. Though acne is not completely curable, the condition can be prevented. The treatment requires patients and
perseverance and may take a few months before the effects become evident.
